Using witness trees to assess forest change in southeastern Ohio

نویسنده

  • James M. Dyer
چکیده

In 1787, the U.S. Congress authorized the sale of the “Ohio Company Purchase”, ca. 5000 km2 in Appalachian Ohio. The land was surveyed using a township and range system shortly thereafter. Data on >5600 witness trees were transcribed from the survey records, and witness tree locations were plotted on a digital map. This information was used to evaluate presettlement forest composition and structure and to investigate vegetation–site relationships before widespread alteration of the forests had taken place. Presettlement conditions were compared with present conditions using forest inventory and analysis (FIA) data. Two hundred years ago, the forests of southeastern Ohio were dominated by large individuals of Quercus alba L., Carya Nutt. spp., Quercus velutina Lam., and Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. These four taxa accounted for 74% of all witness trees. Although almost 70% of the region is forested today, the second-growth forest has witnessed a decrease in Quercus and Carya and an increase in Acer saccharum Marsh., Acer rubrum L., and many early successional species in smaller size classes. Despite the significant shift in forest composition and structure, species in general seem to be occupying similar positions in the present-day landscape compared with the presettlement forest; topographic variables most strongly control species occurrence in this landscape. Résumé : En 1787, le Congrès des États-Unis autorisait la vente de la « Ohio Company Purchase », soit environ 5000 km2 dans les Appalaches en Ohio. Le terrain fut arpenté selon le système de canton et de district peu de temps après. Les données portant sur plus de 5600 arbres-témoins ont été transcrites à partir des relevés d’arpentage et la localisation des arbres-témoins a été intégrée à une carte digitalisée. Cette information a été utilisée pour déterminer la composition et la structure de la forêt avant la colonisation et pour étudier les relations entre la végétation et le site avant que la forêt ait été largement modifiée. La situation qui prévalait avant la colonisation a été comparée à la situation actuelle en utilisant les données d’Analyse et inventaire des forêts. Il y a 200 ans, les forêts du sud-est de l’Ohio étaient dominées par de grosses tiges de Quercus alba L., de Carya Nutt. spp., de Quercus velutina Lam. et de Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Ces quatre taxons représentaient 74% de tous les arbres-témoins. Bien qu’aujourd’hui près de 70% de la région soit couverte de forêt, la forêt de seconde venue est caractérisée par une moins grande quantité de Quercus et de Carya et une plus grande quantité d’Acer saccharum Marsh., Acer rubrum L. et de plusieurs espèces de début de succession dans les plus petites classes de diamètre. Malgré les changements importants dans la composition et la structure de la forêt, les espèces semblent généralement occuper des positions analogues dans le paysage d’aujourd’hui comparativement à la forêt présente avant la colonisation; la présence des espèces dans ce paysage est avant tout déterminée par la topographie. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Dyer 1718

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تاریخ انتشار 2001